Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Brief Contents -- Contents -- Figures and Tables -- Figure IF.1 Median Household Income by State, 2018 -- Figure 1.1 World Population Growth -- Figure 1.2 The Demographic Transition Theory -- Figure 1.3 World Population Distribution by Major Region, 2020 -- Figure 1MMT.1 Median Household Income for Counties in the United States, 2013-2017 -- Figure 1MMT.2 Total 2020 Population as a Cartogram -- Figure 2.1 The Hierarchy of Census Geographic Areas -- Figure 2F.1a The ACS Questionnaire -- Figure 2F.1b The ACS Questionnaire -- Figure 3.1 US Population Density by County, 2010 -- Figure 3.2 Population Distribution in the United States, 2010 -- Figure 3.3a US Age Pyramid, 1900 -- Figure 3.3b US Age Pyramid, 1970 -- Figure 3.3c US Age Pyramid, 2000 -- Figure 3.3d US Age Pyramid, 2030 (Projected) -- Figure 3.4 Botswana Age Pyramid, 2026 (Projected) -- Figure 3.5 2014-2018 Median Age in the United States by County -- Figure 3F.1 Mean Center of Population for the United States, 1790-2010 -- Figure 3F.2 Average Annual Population Growth for the United States, 1930-2000 -- Figure 3F.3 Percent Population Change by County and Municipio, 2017-2018 -- Figure 4.1 Female Primary Education Completion Rate and TFR by Region, 2018 -- Figure 4F.1 Total Fertility Rates by Race: United States, 1940-2017 -- Figure 5.1 Female Life Expectancy in Selected Countries, 2020 -- Figure 5.2 Life Expectancy and Health Care Expenditure per Capita, Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), 2017 -- Figure 5.3 The Effect of HIV/AIDS on Life Expectancy from Birth in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1960-2019 -- Figure 5F.1 Age-Specific Death Rates: The United States, Mexico, and Zimbabwe, 2016 -- Figure 6.1 Lee's Model of Migration -- Figure 6.2 Zelinsky's Model of Mobility Transition -- Figure 6.3 Age Schedule of Migration (Percent): The United States, 2018-2019.

AbstractGiven its linguistic, political, and socio‐cultural differences, Quebec had long sought independence from the rest of Canada. Under the leadership of its separatist provincial party, and with a representation at the federal level as well, Quebecers went to the polls to vote for separation from Canada on two separate occasions. In the most recent case (1995), they narrowly rejected separation and voted to remain within Canada. Since then, the pressure to separate has all but disappeared from the political discussion. This paper explores the reasons why the intent to separate has waxed and waned over the years, along with the economic outcomes for the province.

ABSTRACT  Portes and Borocz's (1989) segmented assimilation framework argued that the assimilation of immigrants into American society does not necessarily or automatically lead to similarity and equality with the mainstream culture. Instead, endowed human capital, the nature of immigration, and reception contextualize the process and potentially lead to differential outcomes. Recognizing that spatial differences in assimilation may also exist, the segmented assimilation framework is extended within this paper to include a more explicit recognition of geography's role in shaping the assimilation trajectory. The empirical analysis draws upon the 1980 and 1990 PUMS data files, and compares the assimilation trajectory of Chinese immigrants (excluding Hong Kong and Taiwanese origins) across the New York, San Francisco, and Los Angeles metropolitan areas. Based upon period of arrival and age in 1980 and 1990, measures of assimilation are compared across these three metropolitan areas, along with the role of internal migration in maintaining or decreasing assimilation differences. The analysis indicates that the progress of assimilation varies significantly over space, with spatial differences in measures of assimilation persisting over time, despite the role of internal migration. Reasons as to why this occurs are presented in the conclusion.

Discussions of immigration, settlement and adjustment within the U.S. do not typically refer to immigrant status (i.e., refugee versus family preference), and instead refer to the foreign–born population as an aggregate. Distinguishing between refugees and other immigrant arrivals likely means differences with respect to their geographic distribution and embodied human capital owing to differences associated with the reasons for immigration (forced versus voluntary), period of arrival, and immigration policy. The lack of differentiation by group within the existing literature is typically due to a shortfall of detailed information relating to admission status within publicly released data files. Yet concrete knowledge of differences by admission category is important in understanding overall patterns of settlement and adjustment within the foreign–born population. This paper therefore explores potential differences with respect to settlement and endowed human capital between immigrants and refugees. Identification of the major sources of refugees within Immigration and Naturalization Service data files allows the refugee population to be identified within the 1990 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), therefore increasing the range of variables and measures associated with the refugee population available to researchers, and points to the diversity of the refugee population.

This article uses the Public Use Sample file of the 1986 Canadian census to characterize and explain the interprovincial migration patterns of the foreign-born in Canada. Simple overall in- and outmigration rates are calculated for the foreign-born and compared to the interprovincial migration rates for Canadian-born migrants, specifically primary, return and onward migrants. A two-level nested logit model is then applied for foreign-born migrants age 20–64 to study the effects of personal factors and provincial attributes on their interprovincial migration patterns. The foreign-born have higher in- and outmigration rates than primary migrants, with Ontario having a strong ability to attract and retain the foreign-born. Despite these differences, the foreign-born respond to economic variables in a rational way and relatively little of the migration decision process can be explained by place-of-birth effects. Selectivity with respect to personal factors (i.e., education, age, sex, family type) is similar to the Canadian-born.

Abstract  Research has thoroughly documented how out‐migration of the educated and skilled from rural areas leaves behind a poorer population and creates pockets of rural poverty. Recently, studies have recognized that the poor are also geographically mobile and that poverty migration patterns can reinforce rural poverty concentrations. In this process, certain impoverished rural communities in economically depressed regions receive a disproportionate share of poverty migrants, concentrating poverty in certain locations. This paper examines the conditions and processes through which poor rural communities become likely destinations for a highly mobile segment of the rural poor and near‐poor. Utilizing case studies of depressed rural Illinois communities, it investigates how the interplay of community factors and the behavior of migrants transforms rural communities from residentially stable to highly mobile, impoverished places.